History

TUSCANY: A BRIEF HISTORY
AND
THE LEGEND OF COSIMO CIELI

Tuscany was the homeland of the Etruscans and was annexed by Rome in 351 BC. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the region, which became known as Tuscany, came under a succession of rulers finally emerging as a political entity with its own rulers. By the high Middle Ages, the cities of Pisa, Siena, Arezzo, Pistoia, Lucca, and especially Florence had become wealthy. There were many wars between the city-states to conquer territory and power. Gradually, Florence came to overshadow and conquer all other cities in the region.

Florence was ruled by an oligarchy of wealthy aristocrats, among whom the Medici family became dominant in the fifteenth century. Under the patronage of these wealthy families, the arts and literature flourished as nowhere else in Europe and thus this period is known as the Renaissance, the rebirth after the Middle Ages.

Florence was the city of such writers as Dante, Petrarch, and Machiavelli, and artists and engineers such as Botticelli, Brunelleschi who built the magnificent dome on the church of St. Mary of the Flowers, Santa Maria dei Fiori; Alberti, Leonardo Da Vinci, and Michelangelo graced this land. The Florentine language became the literary language of the Italian region and is the language of Italy today. Lorenzo de’ Medici, who ruled Florence in the late fifteenth century was perhaps the greatest patron of the arts in the history of the West.

Times changed and upon the death of Lorenzo, the Medici power seemed to fall apart. But by 1530, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V conquered Florence and re-established the Medici family in power. They were now dukes of Florence, and within a few decades, Cosimo de’ Medici became Grand Duke of Tuscany.

Cosimo aggressively pursued a policy of economic revival, building the great harbor at Livorno, founding universities, and sponsoring the work of another famous Tuscan, Galileo Galilee, promoting the exploratory voyages of Amerigo Vespucci. Their successors began the decline of the Medici family. In 1737, the last male member of the Medici dynasty, Gian Gastone, died without an heir. Well, that’s where the Legend of Cieli begins. You see, Gastone died without a legal heir, but unto one of his housemaids had fathered a bastard son Giuseppi who took his mothers maden name, Cozi. Giuseppi Cozi married and fathered a son of his own, who he named Gastone after the father his mother had identified before she died.

In 1895, as the new century drew near, Gastone Cozi fathered a son of his own. It is said that holding his baby son for the first time, he looked upon the boy and proclaimed, Cieli, which means heavenly in Italian. Gastone gave the boy the name of his famous ancestor, Cosimo de Medici. But the nickname, Cieli, stuck and his family and friends called Cosimo Cozi simply, Cieli.

Gastone Cozi was energetic and resourceful and by the beginning of WWII had managed somehow to accumulate several precious acres near Montipulciano where he grew some of the finest grapes in Tuscany and gained a reputation for producing some of the regions finest red wine. Cosimo ‘Cieli’ Cozi grew up making wine.

Under Benito Mussolini, the area came under the dominance of local Fascist leaders Dino Perrone Compagni (from Florence), and Costanzo and Galeazzo Ciano (from Livorno). Following the fall of Mussolini, Tuscany became part of the Nazi controlled Italian Social Republic, and was conquered almost totally by the Germans during the summer of 1944.

The Nazis appropriated the Cozi vineyards and cellars, executed Gastone in front of his wife and daughter and young son, Cosimo. Before he managed to escape, Cosimo was forced to watch his mother and sister raped repeatedly by the Nazis before they were also executed.

Several months later Cosimo returned to his family’s home, which was by then occupied by the Nazi soldiers. Under pretense of begging for food and shelter, he offered to bring a few local whores from a nearby village for the pleasure of the soldiers in exchange for food and shelter.

The women Cosimo brought to the Nazis were not whores but young widows of men who had been murdered by the Nazis. With the promise of sex, the women urged the soldiers to become drunker and drunker on the magnificent red wines from the cellars of Gastone Cozi. When the soldiers were finally in a drunken stupor, seventeen-year-old Cosimo quietly slit the throats of every one of the Nazi’s who’d murdered his family and the families of many others in the area.

The young women slipped, nonchalant, back to their homes in the nearby village claiming total ignorance and never spoke of what actually took place that bloody night. Cosimo Cozi disappeared into the Apennine Alps where he fought in the Resistance until the war ended.

Ultimately, Cosimo regained his father’s vineyards and revived the art of winemaking his father had taught him. In 1947 Cosimo married Lucia Tucci.

Cosimo changed the name of his vineyards to Cieli. Until he died in 1955, Cosimo Cozi was known by the name his father gave him on the day of his birth: Cieli.

Cieli Vineyards of the Valle de Guadalupe honors the legend and traditions of the winemaking of Tuscany and our distant cousin, Cosimo ‘Cieli’ Cozi.